The construction process explained: from BIM to LOD and implementation

Introduction to the construction process

The construction sector is catching up digitally. Where working drawings, faxes and phone calls used to be the norm, there is now an increasing need for structured data, digital collaboration and tighter coordination between all parties in the construction process.

One of the most important tools in this is WITH: Building Information Modeling. With BIM, you are not working on a collection of separate drawings, but on one central model, in which all construction partners share information.

But that model doesn't come about all at once. BIM has various Level of Development (LOD) levels: the model is further developed per phase, from rough masses to fully coordinated product information.

In this blog, we walk through the construction process step by step and explain what each LOD level means for you as a supplier.

1. Sketch Design (SO) — LOD 100

• What is it: Concept phase, in which volumes and main forms are defined.
• MEMBER 100:
  • Only rough masses and building volumes
  • Functional zones and global sizes
• For suppliers:
  • No product choices yet
  • Do think along about feasibility, aesthetics and costs in general terms
• Value: This phase is ideal for providing early advice as a supplier on innovative materials or prefabricated solutions.

2. Preliminary Design (VO) — LOD 200

• What is it: The design takes shape; materials, façade layouts and basic installations are outlined.
• MEMBER 2000:
  • Model includes exact room dimensions and rough positioning of elements
  • Basic material selection and concept details are added
• For suppliers:
  • Data for initial price indications or calculations
  • Opportunity to recommend products or systems that fit within design and budget

3. Final Design (DO) — LOD 300

• What is it: The design is final, permits can be requested.
• POINT 300:
  • Model contains all important elements in correct dimensions, position and materials
  • Supplier specifications are added
• For suppliers:
  • Crucial phase to deliver product specifications
  • Contractual agreements and offers are being prepared

4. Technical Design (TO) — LOD 350/400

• What is it: The model is being developed structurally; details are ready for production and execution.
• ITEM 350/400:
  • All parts are precisely modelled with mounting methods and connections
  • Fully coordinated drawings for production
• For suppliers:
  • Production drawings, shop drawings and engineering data are required
  • All data must be exact: dimensions, confirmations, product numbers
• Value: This is where a supplier stands out with digital links, prefabricated products and BIM libraries.

5. Ready to Run Design (UO) — LOD 500

• What is it: The building can be built; the model serves as an 'as-built' reference.
• MEMBER 500:
  • Everything is fully validated and executed as built
  • Perfect for management and maintenance
• For suppliers:
  • Provide complete product data, serial numbers, and maintenance information
  • Essential for a good transfer to facility management

Why this is important for construction suppliers

By understanding the phase in which your input is needed, you can:

• Collaborate more efficiently: Fewer mistakes and redesigns.
• Add value early: Advise on smart solutions already in VO or DO.
• Come along digitally: Deliver BIM objects and product data at the correct LOD level.

Construction process conclusion

Whether you provide frames, facades, installations or prefab elements: those who understand the construction process are a better partner. BIM and LODs provide direction, provided you know what is expected of you.

In short: the better you know when to deliver, the more value you add. And that starts with a good understanding of the construction process.